Law

The Crimes identified under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) as Crime against Women are:

  • Rape (Sec 375 &376). Read more
  • Kidnapping and abduction for different purposes (Sec 366, 366A, 366B). Read more
  • Homicide for dowry, dowry deaths or their attempts (Sec 304B). Read more
  • Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty (Sec 354). Read more
  • Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman (Sec 509). Read more
  • Cruelty by husbands or his relatives (Sec 498A). Read more

The following crimes against women are covered under SPECIAL LAWS (SLL):

  • Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
  • Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
  • Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986
  • Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986
  • Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act,1987
  • National Commission for Women Act, 1990
  • Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
  • Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, prohibition and Redressal) Act,2013

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly, is often described as an international bill of rights for women. Consisting of a preamble and 30 articles, it defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination.

The Convention defines discrimination against women as “…any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.”
By accepting the Convention, States commit themselves to undertake a series of measures to end discrimination against women in all forms, including:
– To incorporate the principle of equality of men and women in their legal system, abolish all discriminatory laws and adopt appropriate ones prohibiting discrimination against women
– To establish tribunals and other public institutions to ensure the effective protection of women against discrimination ; and
– To ensure elimination of all acts of discrimination against women by persons, organizations or enterprises.

Read More

Indian Penal Code was amended on the 2nd of April 2013 with the passing of ‘The CRIMINAL Law (Amendment) Act. 2013. Read More

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The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) ) has been constituted to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and in every State, State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give free legal services to the people. Similarly, in every District, District Legal Services Authority has been constituted to implement Legal Services Programmes in the District. The District Legal Services Authority is situated in the District Courts Complex in every District and chaired by the District Judge of the respective district.
Section 12 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 prescribes the criteria for giving legal services to the eligible persons and reads as under:-
12. Every person who has to file or defend a case shall be entitled to legal services under this Act if that person is –
1. a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe;
2. a survivor of trafficking in human beings or beggar as referred to in Article 23 of the Constitution;
3. a woman or a child;
4. a mentally ill or otherwise disabled person;
5. a person under circumstances of undeserved want such as being a survivor of a mass disaster, ethnic violence, caste atrocity, flood, drought, earthquake or industrial disaster; or
6. an industrial workman; or
7. in custody, including custody in a protective home within the meaning of clause (g) of section 2 of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (104 of 1956); or in a juvenile home within the meaning of clause (j) of Section 2 of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 (53 of 1986) or in a psychiatric hospital or psychiatric nursing home within the meaning of clause (g) of section 2 of the Mental Health Act, 1987 (14 of 1987); or
8. in receipt of annual income less than rupees nine thousand or such other higher amount as may be prescribed by the 4.5.5 State Govt., if the case is before a court other than the Supreme Court, and less than rupees twelve thousand or such other higher amount as may be prescribed by the Central Govt., if the case is before the Supreme Court.

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THE HUMAN RIGHTS LAW NETWORK (HRLN)

is a collective of lawyers and social activists dedicated to the use of the legal system to advance human rights in India and the sub-continent. HRLN collaborates with human rights groups, and grass-roots development and social movements to enforce the rights of poor marginalized people and to challenge oppression, exploitation and discrimination against any group or individual on the grounds of caste, gender, disability, age, religion, language, ethnic group, sexual orientation, and health, economic or social status. HRLN provides pro bono legal services, conducts public interest litigation, engages in advocacy, conducts legal awareness programmes, investigates violations, publishes ‘know your rights’ materials, and participates in campaigns. [HRLN is a project of the Socio-Legal Information Centre (SLIC). SLIC is a non-profit legal aid and education organization.]

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IPROBONO is a non-profit online network connecting civil society organizations and social businesses in need of legal assistance with lawyers and students who want to use their legal skills for the public good.
The network’s global outreach enables people to engage in projects from around the world and allows organizations to source assistance across jurisdictions.iProbono operates globally with field offices in London, New Delhi, Dhaka and Islamabad.
iProbono was founded in 2009 as a company limited by guarantee (a non-profit organization) and is registered with the Charity Commission (no.1148556). In India, iProbono is incorporated as a s.25 company.

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LEGAL AID SERVICES, WEST BENGAL (LASWEB), one of the pioneering legal aid offering civil society organizations in India, empowers the poor and the disadvantaged with varied legal entitlements. Functioning since 1980 as an organic collective of retired judges, practising lawyers and social activists, we have been providing free legal aid, including litigational support and legal literacy, to a wide range of sufferers. The decision to form a non-political and state-level non-governmental organization to serve the cause of legal aid for the poor and vulnerable sections in West Bengal was taken in a convention of intellectuals held in Kolkata on the 12th of September 1980.In this era of globalized transformations and structural adjustments, LASWEB is striving hard to redress grievances of people experiencing harassment and inconvenience in protracted legal matters.

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The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and in every State, State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give free legal services to the people. Similarly, in every District, District Legal Services Authority has been constituted to implement Legal Services Programmes in the District. The District Legal Services Authority is situated in the District Courts Complex in every District and chaired by the District Judge of the respective district.

Section 12 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 prescribes the criteria for giving legal services to the eligible persons and reads as under:-

12. Every person who has to file or defend a case shall be entitled to legal services under this Act if that person is –

  1. a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe;
  2. a survivor of trafficking in human beings or beggar as referred to in Article 23 of the Constitution;
  3. a woman or a child;
  4. a mentally ill or otherwise disabled person;
  5. a person under circumstances of undeserved want such as being a survivor of a mass disaster, ethnic violence, caste atrocity, flood, drought, earthquake or industrial disaster; or
  6. an industrial workman; or
  7. in custody, including custody in a protective home within the meaning of clause (g) of section 2 of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (104 of 1956); or in a juvenile home within the meaning of clause (j) of Section 2 of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 (53 of 1986) or in a psychiatric hospital or psychiatric nursing home within the meaning of clause (g) of section 2 of the Mental Health Act, 1987 (14 of 1987); or
  8. in receipt of annual income less than rupees nine thousand or such other higher amount as may be prescribed by the 4.5.5 State Govt., if the case is before a court other than the Supreme Court, and less than rupees twelve thousand or such other higher amount as may be prescribed by the Central Govt., if the case is before the Supreme Court.

For further information on this visit: www.nalsa.gov.in/

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THE HUMAN RIGHTS LAW NETWORK (HRLN) is a collective of lawyers and social activists dedicated to the use of the legal system to advance human rights in India and the sub-continent. HRLN collaborates with human rights groups, and grass-roots development and social movements to enforce the rights of poor marginalized people and to challenge oppression, exploitation and discrimination against any group or individual on the grounds of caste, gender, disability, age, religion, language, ethnic group, sexual orientation, and health, economic or social status. HRLN provides pro bono legal services, conducts public interest litigation, engages in advocacy, conducts legal awareness programmes, investigates violations, publishes ‘know your rights’ materials, and participates in campaigns. [HRLN is a project of the Socio-Legal Information Centre (SLIC). SLIC is a non-profit legal aid and education organization.]

For further information on this visit: www.hrln.org/hrln/

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IPROBONO is a non-profit online network connecting civil society organizations and social businesses in need of legal assistance with lawyers and students who want to use their legal skills for the public good.
The network’s global outreach enables people to engage in projects from around the world and allows organizations to source assistance across jurisdictions.iProbono operates globally with field offices in London, New Delhi, Dhaka and Islamabad.
iProbono was founded in 2009 as a company limited by guarantee (a non-profit organization) and is registered with the Charity Commission (no.1148556). In India, iProbono is incorporated as a s.25 company.

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LEGAL AID SERVICES, WEST BENGAL (LASWEB), one of the pioneering legal aid offering civil society organizations in India, empowers the poor and the disadvantaged with varied legal entitlements. Functioning since 1980 as an organic collective of retired judges, practising lawyers and social activists, we have been providing free legal aid, including litigational support and legal literacy, to a wide range of sufferers. The decision to form a non-political and state-level non-governmental organization to serve the cause of legal aid for the poor and vulnerable sections in West Bengal was taken in a convention of intellectuals held in Kolkata on the 12th of September 1980.In this era of globalized transformations and structural adjustments, LASWEB is striving hard to redress grievances of people experiencing harassment and inconvenience in protracted legal matters.

For further information on this visit: www.legalaidwb.org/

+ Laws concerning Women

The Crimes identified under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) as Crime against Women are:

  • Rape (Sec 375 &376). Read more
  • Kidnapping and abduction for different purposes (Sec 366, 366A, 366B). Read more
  • Homicide for dowry, dowry deaths or their attempts (Sec 304B). Read more
  • Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty (Sec 354). Read more
  • Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman (Sec 509). Read more
  • Cruelty by husbands or his relatives (Sec 498A). Read more

The following crimes against women are covered under SPECIAL LAWS (SLL):

  • Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
  • Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
  • Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986
  • Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986
  • Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act,1987
  • National Commission for Women Act, 1990
  • Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
  • Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, prohibition and Redressal) Act,2013

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly, is often described as an international bill of rights for women. Consisting of a preamble and 30 articles, it defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination.

The Convention defines discrimination against women as “…any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.”
By accepting the Convention, States commit themselves to undertake a series of measures to end discrimination against women in all forms, including:
– To incorporate the principle of equality of men and women in their legal system, abolish all discriminatory laws and adopt appropriate ones prohibiting discrimination against women
– To establish tribunals and other public institutions to ensure the effective protection of women against discrimination ; and
– To ensure elimination of all acts of discrimination against women by persons, organizations or enterprises.

Read More

+ Laws concerning Acid attacks

Indian Penal Code was amended on the 2nd of April 2013 with the passing of ‘The CRIMINAL Law (Amendment) Act. 2013. Read More

+ Legal Support Groups
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The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) ) has been constituted to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and in every State, State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give free legal services to the people. Similarly, in every District, District Legal Services Authority has been constituted to implement Legal Services Programmes in the District. The District Legal Services Authority is situated in the District Courts Complex in every District and chaired by the District Judge of the respective district.
Section 12 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 prescribes the criteria for giving legal services to the eligible persons and reads as under:-
12. Every person who has to file or defend a case shall be entitled to legal services under this Act if that person is –
1. a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe;
2. a survivor of trafficking in human beings or beggar as referred to in Article 23 of the Constitution;
3. a woman or a child;
4. a mentally ill or otherwise disabled person;
5. a person under circumstances of undeserved want such as being a survivor of a mass disaster, ethnic violence, caste atrocity, flood, drought, earthquake or industrial disaster; or
6. an industrial workman; or
7. in custody, including custody in a protective home within the meaning of clause (g) of section 2 of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (104 of 1956); or in a juvenile home within the meaning of clause (j) of Section 2 of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 (53 of 1986) or in a psychiatric hospital or psychiatric nursing home within the meaning of clause (g) of section 2 of the Mental Health Act, 1987 (14 of 1987); or
8. in receipt of annual income less than rupees nine thousand or such other higher amount as may be prescribed by the 4.5.5 State Govt., if the case is before a court other than the Supreme Court, and less than rupees twelve thousand or such other higher amount as may be prescribed by the Central Govt., if the case is before the Supreme Court.

null

THE HUMAN RIGHTS LAW NETWORK (HRLN)

is a collective of lawyers and social activists dedicated to the use of the legal system to advance human rights in India and the sub-continent. HRLN collaborates with human rights groups, and grass-roots development and social movements to enforce the rights of poor marginalized people and to challenge oppression, exploitation and discrimination against any group or individual on the grounds of caste, gender, disability, age, religion, language, ethnic group, sexual orientation, and health, economic or social status. HRLN provides pro bono legal services, conducts public interest litigation, engages in advocacy, conducts legal awareness programmes, investigates violations, publishes ‘know your rights’ materials, and participates in campaigns. [HRLN is a project of the Socio-Legal Information Centre (SLIC). SLIC is a non-profit legal aid and education organization.]

null

IPROBONO is a non-profit online network connecting civil society organizations and social businesses in need of legal assistance with lawyers and students who want to use their legal skills for the public good.
The network’s global outreach enables people to engage in projects from around the world and allows organizations to source assistance across jurisdictions.iProbono operates globally with field offices in London, New Delhi, Dhaka and Islamabad.
iProbono was founded in 2009 as a company limited by guarantee (a non-profit organization) and is registered with the Charity Commission (no.1148556). In India, iProbono is incorporated as a s.25 company.

null

LEGAL AID SERVICES, WEST BENGAL (LASWEB), one of the pioneering legal aid offering civil society organizations in India, empowers the poor and the disadvantaged with varied legal entitlements. Functioning since 1980 as an organic collective of retired judges, practising lawyers and social activists, we have been providing free legal aid, including litigational support and legal literacy, to a wide range of sufferers. The decision to form a non-political and state-level non-governmental organization to serve the cause of legal aid for the poor and vulnerable sections in West Bengal was taken in a convention of intellectuals held in Kolkata on the 12th of September 1980.In this era of globalized transformations and structural adjustments, LASWEB is striving hard to redress grievances of people experiencing harassment and inconvenience in protracted legal matters.

null

The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and in every State, State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give free legal services to the people. Similarly, in every District, District Legal Services Authority has been constituted to implement Legal Services Programmes in the District. The District Legal Services Authority is situated in the District Courts Complex in every District and chaired by the District Judge of the respective district.

Section 12 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 prescribes the criteria for giving legal services to the eligible persons and reads as under:-

12. Every person who has to file or defend a case shall be entitled to legal services under this Act if that person is –

  1. a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe;
  2. a survivor of trafficking in human beings or beggar as referred to in Article 23 of the Constitution;
  3. a woman or a child;
  4. a mentally ill or otherwise disabled person;
  5. a person under circumstances of undeserved want such as being a survivor of a mass disaster, ethnic violence, caste atrocity, flood, drought, earthquake or industrial disaster; or
  6. an industrial workman; or
  7. in custody, including custody in a protective home within the meaning of clause (g) of section 2 of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (104 of 1956); or in a juvenile home within the meaning of clause (j) of Section 2 of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 (53 of 1986) or in a psychiatric hospital or psychiatric nursing home within the meaning of clause (g) of section 2 of the Mental Health Act, 1987 (14 of 1987); or
  8. in receipt of annual income less than rupees nine thousand or such other higher amount as may be prescribed by the 4.5.5 State Govt., if the case is before a court other than the Supreme Court, and less than rupees twelve thousand or such other higher amount as may be prescribed by the Central Govt., if the case is before the Supreme Court.

For further information on this visit: www.nalsa.gov.in/

null

THE HUMAN RIGHTS LAW NETWORK (HRLN) is a collective of lawyers and social activists dedicated to the use of the legal system to advance human rights in India and the sub-continent. HRLN collaborates with human rights groups, and grass-roots development and social movements to enforce the rights of poor marginalized people and to challenge oppression, exploitation and discrimination against any group or individual on the grounds of caste, gender, disability, age, religion, language, ethnic group, sexual orientation, and health, economic or social status. HRLN provides pro bono legal services, conducts public interest litigation, engages in advocacy, conducts legal awareness programmes, investigates violations, publishes ‘know your rights’ materials, and participates in campaigns. [HRLN is a project of the Socio-Legal Information Centre (SLIC). SLIC is a non-profit legal aid and education organization.]

For further information on this visit: www.hrln.org/hrln/

null

IPROBONO is a non-profit online network connecting civil society organizations and social businesses in need of legal assistance with lawyers and students who want to use their legal skills for the public good.
The network’s global outreach enables people to engage in projects from around the world and allows organizations to source assistance across jurisdictions.iProbono operates globally with field offices in London, New Delhi, Dhaka and Islamabad.
iProbono was founded in 2009 as a company limited by guarantee (a non-profit organization) and is registered with the Charity Commission (no.1148556). In India, iProbono is incorporated as a s.25 company.

null

LEGAL AID SERVICES, WEST BENGAL (LASWEB), one of the pioneering legal aid offering civil society organizations in India, empowers the poor and the disadvantaged with varied legal entitlements. Functioning since 1980 as an organic collective of retired judges, practising lawyers and social activists, we have been providing free legal aid, including litigational support and legal literacy, to a wide range of sufferers. The decision to form a non-political and state-level non-governmental organization to serve the cause of legal aid for the poor and vulnerable sections in West Bengal was taken in a convention of intellectuals held in Kolkata on the 12th of September 1980.In this era of globalized transformations and structural adjustments, LASWEB is striving hard to redress grievances of people experiencing harassment and inconvenience in protracted legal matters.

For further information on this visit: www.legalaidwb.org/